> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://x1ecochain.gitbook.io/x1-ecochain-white-paper/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://x1ecochain.gitbook.io/x1-ecochain-white-paper/technical-architecture/network-topology.md).

# Network Topology

Nodes form a flat P2P mesh: each X1Node connects to peers (over Internet or the mobile channel) and broadcasts new blocks. The network has no special supernodes – every full node is equal. Data (the blockchain state, ledger, smart contracts) is fully replicated and sharded across nodes, eliminating any central hub or single point of failure. This contrasts with traditional systems that use centralized servers; here every user’s device helps secure the network. The protocol includes built-in security for node communication, leveraging each node’s unique authenticator and secure channels.


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