Finality Model

Fast Finality Feature

X1 EcoChain implements a dual-layer finality mechanism combining Economic Finality and Probabilistic Finality to ensure transaction security and network efficiency. Fast finality enables near-instantaneous transaction confirmation, significantly reducing the time required for transaction settlement compared to traditional blockchain networks. The Fast Finality feature, introduced through BEP-126, enables Economic Finality using a slashing mechanism similar to Casper FFG and Tendermint.

Key Benefits:

Rapid Confirmation: Transactions achieve finality within seconds rather than minutesEnhanced User Experience: Reduced waiting times for transaction confirmationsImproved DApp Performance: Applications can respond faster to user interactionsLower Risk: Reduced exposure to chain reorganizations and double-spending attacks

• Rapid Confirmation: Transactions achieve finality within seconds rather than minutes

• Enhanced User Experience: Reduced waiting times for transaction confirmations

• Improved DApp Performance: Applications can respond faster to user interactions

• Lower Risk: Reduced exposure to chain reorganizations and double-spending attacks

Technical Implementation:

The fast finality mechanism works by having validators reach consensus on block finality through a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) process. Once a supermajority of validators confirm a block, it becomes irreversible, providing immediate transaction finality.

This approach combines the speed and efficiency of PoA consensus with the security guarantees of fast finality, making it ideal for applications requiring quick settlement times and high throughput.

Fallback Mechanism

When Fast Finality is unavailable, BSC falls back to Probabilistic Finality. Security increases as more blocks are added - the deeper a block is buried, the lower the probability of reversal.

Network Parameters:

• TurnLength: 8 (consecutive blocks per validator)

• ValidatorSize: 3 (total active validators)

• Block Time: ~3 seconds

Finality Requirements:

• Majority (>½) validator confirmations: 16 blocks (2 × 8) ≈ 48 seconds

• Supermajority (>⅔) validator confirmations: 72 blocks (3 × 8) ≈ 216 seconds

This dual-layer approach ensures network security and finality guarantees even when Fast Finality encounters issues.